S-Corporation Tax Court Case on Basis and Losses

In the tax court case Rodney Jordan v. Commissioner, shareholder loans were bona fide, as reported on the S-corporation tax return, but some repayments were taxable income because S-corporation tax losses had reduced the shareholder’s cost basis in the debt. It was also determined that the debt was open-account debt and that some S-corporation tax losses were disallowed for lack of basis.

Small Business Tax Net Operating Loss Election Clarified

The IRS has issued clarification on the election to carry back a small business tax net operating (NOL) loss 3, 4, or 5 years. In this case the IRS has taken the pro-taxpayer interpretation regarding which years’ revenues are used to determine whether the loss is a qualifying small business tax NOL. The election may be made by filing the applicable refund claim forms, by attaching a statement to the tax return for the year in which the small business tax NOL arose.

S-Corporation Built-In Gains Period Now 7 Years

The new stimulus law, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, signed into law by President Obama on Feb. 17, temporarily reduced the S-Corporation built-in gains period from 10 to 7 years. For tax years 2009 and 2010, S-corporations can avoid C-corporation maximum-rate income tax on built-in gains. Built-in gains are generally gains that were unrealized at time of conversion from C-corporation to S-corporation. Generally these gains are subject to the maximum C-corporation tax rate if realized (the property is sold) by the S-corporation within 10 years of S-election.

Employee-Shareholder Reasonable Compensation

In addressing the issue of employee-shareholder reasonable compensation in the Menard Inc. tax court case, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit rejected the Tax Court's multi-factor approach in favor a single “independent investor” test. Under the independent investor test, if a hypothetical independent investor would consider the rate of return on his investment to be far higher than he had any reason to expect, the compensation paid is presumptively reasonable [regarding whether the compensation is unreasonably high, in the case of a C-corporation]. However, the presumption may be rebutted by evidence that the company's success was the result of extraneous factors, such as an unexpected discovery of oil under the company's land, or that the company intended to pay the owner/employee a disguised dividend rather than salary. Menard Inc. v Commissioner (CA 7 3/10/2009).

Qualified Small Business Stock Gain Exclusion 75%

Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, signed by President Obama on 2/17/2009, noncorporate taxpayers can exclude 75% (rather than 50% or 60%) of gain on the sale or exchange of Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS) held for more than 5 years if acquired after Feb. 17, 2009 and before Jan. 1, 2011. Beware that Alternative minimum Tax (AMT) may eliminate some of the benefit. Does not apply to S-Corporation stock, only to regular C-Corporation stock.

Section 179 Business Equipment Deduction Increased

The new tax act increased 2009 Section 179 limits to $250,000 deduction for businesses buying less than $800,000 of equipment. Section 179 allows a taxpayer, other than an estate, trust, and certain noncorporate lessors, to deduct the cost of equipment as an expense instead of claiming depreciation over a number of years.

Bonus Depreciation on Automobiles

Under the new stimulus law, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a business can increase the first-year depreciation deduction by $8,000 of bonus depreciation for new passenger automobiles, light trucks, and vans placed in service in 2009 is. Since depreciation of passenger automobiles is severely limited by the tax law, this is a good opportunity to accelerate deductions. Applies to all business tax returns: corporate tax returns, S-corporation tax returns, partnership & Limited Liability Company / LLC tax returns, and sole proprietor tax returns.